cynic

英 ['s?n?k] 美['s?n?k]

反義詞

TEM8IELTSGRE低頻詞擴(kuò)展詞匯

復(fù)數(shù):?cynics;

cynic 憤世嫉俗者

來自詞根can, 狗，見canine. 因古希臘詞哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底的學(xué)生安提西尼創(chuàng)立的犬儒學(xué)派而得名，該學(xué)派倡導(dǎo)簡單生活，但后來哲學(xué)理念被后世有意或無意的曲解，詞義也發(fā)生了變化。

cynic: cynic: [16] Originally, the Cynics were a group of ascetic philosophers in ancient Greece. Their founder, around 400 BC, was Antisthenes, a follower of Socrates. They advocated the view that virtue and self-control are the highest good and, particularly under their later leader Diogenes, came to exhibit a contempt for the frailties of their fellow human beings that is traditionally said to have earned them their name: Greek kúōn meant ‘dog’ (it is related to English hound), and the philosophers were allegedly dubbed kunikós on account of their ‘dog-like’ sneering.

A more prosaic but more likely explanation of the term is that it comes from the Kunósarge, the gymnasium where Antisthenes taught (perhaps later influenced by kúōn). English acquired the word via Latin cynicus.
cynic (n.): mid-16c., in reference to the ancient philosophy, from Greek kynikos "a follower of Antisthenes," literally "dog-like," from kyon (genitive kynos) "dog" (see canine). Supposedly from the sneering sarcasm of the philosophers, but more likely from Kynosarge "Gray Dog," name of the gymnasium outside ancient Athens (for the use of those who were not pure Athenians) where the founder, Antisthenes (a pupil of Socrates), taught. Diogenes was the most famous. Popular association even in ancient times was "dog-like" (Lucian has kyniskos "a little cynic," literally "puppy"). Meaning "sneering sarcastic person" is from 1590s.

1. I see myself not as a cynic but as a realist.: 我覺得自己不是一個憤世嫉俗的人，而是一個現(xiàn)實主義者。

2. I have come to be very much of a cynic in these matters.: 在這些事上我變得相當(dāng)憤世嫉俗。

3. The poet was a cynic, said Glaucus, and hated women.: 這是個玩世不恭的詩人, 格勞科斯說, 他痛恨女人.